How to check luteal function
Luteal corpus function is an important part of female reproductive health, and its abnormalities may lead to problems such as irregular menstruation, infertility or early miscarriage. In recent years, with the improvement of health awareness, luteal function examination has become a hot topic for women preparing for pregnancy. This article will introduce in detail the examination methods, precautions and clinical significance of luteal function, and provide structured data for readers to understand.
1. Overview of corpus luteum function
The corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine structure formed by the follicle after ovulation and mainly secretes progesterone (progesterone) and estrogen. Luteal corpus deficiency (LPD) may lead to decreased endometrial receptivity and affect embryo implantation. The following are common manifestations of luteal dysfunction:
| Symptoms | incidence |
|---|---|
| Shortened menstrual cycle (<24 days) | About 35%-40% |
| Premenstrual spotting | About 25%-30% |
| Basal body temperature rises slowly | About 15%-20% |
2. Methods for testing luteal function
1.Serum progesterone test
Drawing blood to detect progesterone levels on days 21-23 of the menstrual cycle (mid-luteal phase) is the most commonly used clinical method. Progesterone >10ng/mL usually indicates normal luteal function.
| Progesterone level (ng/mL) | clinical significance |
|---|---|
| <3 | Severe luteal insufficiency |
| 3-10 | Suspected luteal insufficiency |
| >10 | normal luteal function |
2.endometrial biopsy
Endometrial tissue pathological examination is taken 1-3 days before menstruation. LPD can be diagnosed if endometrial development is delayed for ≥ 2 days. However, due to its invasive nature, it is now rarely used.
3.Basal body temperature (BBT) monitoring
Through daily morning temperature measurement and recording, the high temperature in the luteal phase lasted for 12-14 days, and the temperature difference was >0.3°C. But it is susceptible to interference and is for reference only.
4.Ultrasound examination
Monitor the volume and blood flow of the corpus luteum. The normal diameter of the corpus luteum is about 15-30mm, and the blood flow resistance index (RI) is <0.5.
3. Inspection Precautions
| Check items | best time | Things to note |
|---|---|---|
| serum progesterone | Day 21-23 of menstruation | It is necessary to accurately calculate the period and collect blood on an empty stomach |
| Ultrasound examination | 7-8 days after ovulation | Need to combine ovulation monitoring to determine the time |
4. Comparison of clinical treatment options
| Treatment | Applicable situations | efficient |
|---|---|---|
| progesterone supplement | Mild LPD | About 70%-80% |
| HCG support | Poor follicle quality | About 60%-70% |
| Ovulation induction treatment | Combined ovulation disorder | About 50%-60% |
5. Latest research progress
In 2023, the Journal of Reproductive Medicine pointed out that joint detection of serum progesterone and endometrial receptivity array (ERA) can increase the diagnostic accuracy to 92%. Other studies have shown that there is a correlation between vitamin D deficiency and LPD, and it is recommended to screen serum 25(OH)D levels.
Summary:Luteal corpus function test needs to be combined with multiple methods for comprehensive judgment, and progesterone testing is still the core method. If women preparing for pregnancy experience menstrual abnormalities or infertility, it is recommended to undergo a systematic examination under the guidance of a doctor. Early diagnosis and intervention can significantly improve pregnancy outcomes.
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